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Authors
Xiong, Wei
Gao, Wei
Zhou, Qibing
Wu, Zhiyong
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The protocol was approved by The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province (Hunan Brain Hospital) (Approval No. K2022032) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Depending on the clinical situation, written informed consent was obtained at presentation; for patients unable to consent (e.g., transient instability), deferred consent procedures were used per IRB policy. Patient data were de-identified prior to analysis and stored on a secure server with access logging.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
