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Authors
An, Lianchao
Sun, Chuanjuan
Liu, Baiyang
Xuan, Zhen
Liu, Fei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Central Support for Local Universities’ Reform and Development Outstanding Young Talents Project (ZYZCDF-20210233)
Heongjiang Province Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Planning Project (20SHC177)
Mudanjiang Medical University Doctoral Research Start-up Fund (21-MYBSKY-059)
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Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Before the official initiation of the study, the research team communicated with the participants. Through easy-to-understand language, graphic materials, and case demonstrations, the team comprehensively and meticulously explained the research objectives, specific procedures, and expected significance. After ensuring that the participants fully understood the research content, answering all their questions, and allowing them to carefully consider, the participants voluntarily signed the informed consent form in writing, clearly indicating their agreement to participate in the study.This study has undergone strict review and approval by the Ethics Committee of Mudanjiang Medical College (Approval No. 202402035). Throughout the implementation of the study, it strictly adheres to the basic ethical principles stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki, and at the same time, strictly implements relevant laws, regulations, and guidelines such as the Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans promulgated by the National Health Commission. The research team receives regular ethical training and has established a sound ethical supervision mechanism to ensure that all research procedures are conducted within an ethical framework, fully protecting the rights, safety, and privacy of the participants.
