Bwalya, Bwalya Bupe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8439-5390
Odimegwu, Clifford Obby
Mulenga, James Nilesh
Article History
Received: 1 October 2024
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable. This secondary data analysis of de-identified women recode data files from the DHS dataset was conducted with permission from the DHS program.
: Not applicable—No images, individual details, or videos pertaining to clients’ data are included in this document.