Chen, Chengliang
Gong, Zhiqun
Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Dankook University (IRB approval number: DKU-2024-08-015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the aesthetic preference annotation process. The study involved only non-invasive data collection through design preference ratings and behavioral interaction logging, posing minimal risk to participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.