Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Allam, Toka A.
Abdel-kader, Fatma
Kadry, Mona
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Bats were humanely euthanized in accordance with institutional and international animal welfare guidelines. Euthanasia was performed by exposure to isoflurane inhalation until complete loss of reflexes and respiratory arrest, followed by cervical dislocation to ensure death. The study was showed in accordance with the ethical guidelines set by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt (Approval No. Vet CU110520251177). All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt and are reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines.
: All authors have read the manuscript and consent to publish.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
