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Article History

Received: 19 September 2025

Accepted: 28 October 2025

First Online: 19 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Research Ethics Committee, where the author pursued doctoral studies, as acknowledged later in the manuscript. All procedures complied with national and international guidelines for research involving human participants. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants after the objectives and procedures of the study were clearly explained in a language they understood. Written consent was not feasible due to literacy limitations, and verbal consent was deemed culturally appropriate. Participation was entirely voluntary, confidentiality was assured, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without consequence.