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Authors
Subramaniam, Ponnusamy
Singh, Devinder Kaur Ajit
AL-shahrani, Hend Faye
Hammad, Mohammad Ahmed
Lim, Ee Von
Hoh, Xin Jie
Tay, Kok Wai
Alavi, Khadijah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pusat Transformasi Komuniti Universiti , Universiti Putra Malaysia (2013-027)
Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2025R707)
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (RECUKM) (UKM PPI/111/8/JEP-2020-701).This trial obtained ethical approval from Research Ethics Committee, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The clinical trial was registered at Protocol Registration and Results System with number UKM PPI/111/8/JEP-2020-701 (11/01/2020). Participation in this study was voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. This study was executed according to the code of ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for studies on humans.
: Informed consent was obtained from all parents of study participants.
: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P. S.
