Kim, Hyung Seok
Choi, Ji Yi
Jang, Se Ha
Kang, Minji
Yoon, Moon Gyeong
Baek, Geum Ok
Park, Won
Han, Ji Eun
Cho, Hyo Jung
Jeong, Jee-Yeong
Cheong, Jae Youn
Kim, Soon Sun
Eun, Jung Woo
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (RS-2023-00210847, NRF-2022R1A2C2092422)
National IT Industry Promotion Agency (S0252-21-1001)
Ministry of Health and Welfare, South Korea (RS-2023-KH136690)
Ajou University Medical Center (M2019C046000069)
Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experiments were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ajou University Hospital (AJOUIRB-KSP-2019-417, AJOUIRB-EX-2022-389 and AJOUIRB-EX-2024-332). Informed consent was waived due to patients’ anonymous data by the Institutional Review Board of Ajou University Hospital.