Gavana, Tegemeo
Kailembo, Denis
Kasagama, Elizabeth
Lilolime, Nasoro S.
Mwamlima, Tunu G.
Mwalimu, Charles Dismas
Bernard, Jubilate
Yoram, Best
Kajange, Stella
Lazaro, Samwel
Kisoka, Noela
Chaki, Prosper
Lengeler, Christian
Funding for this research was provided by:
Swiss Government - TEMT Project
Ifakara Health Institute
Government of Tanzania
Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was granted ethical clearance from both the Ifakara Health Institute Institutional Review Board (IHI/IRB/No: 32-2022) and the Ethics Review Board of the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/4158).