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Authors
Tesfaye, Asamenew
Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay
Simachew, Ashenif
Negessu, Demessa
Aliy, Abde
Paeshuyse, Jan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
VLIR-UOS, Belgium
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical clearance (ARSERC/EC/022//26/08/2022) was obtained from the Animal Health Research Scientific Ethical Committee of the Animal Health Institute (AHI), Ethiopia. All methods were performed in accordance with the international animal care and use guidelines adopted by the Ethical Committee at AHI. Before conducting the research, dairy farm owners were informed about the study, and verbal consent was obtained from the dairy farm owner or manager. Informed consent was received from all the willing participating farmers and farm managers. Moreover, the study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines ( ).
