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Authors
Rajamani Sekar, Suresh Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-6311
Megersa, Teka
Oba, Belay Tafa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2589-9908
Yilma, Belete https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-997X
Lema, Alemayehu Shiferaw https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-5609
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Article History
Received: 4 May 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Permission to collect fingernail samples from welders was obtained from the Institutional Human Ethical Review Committee of Arba Minch University (approval number IRB/23129/2024, dated 01 March 2024). All study participants were informed of the study’s purpose and objectives, and their written consent was obtained to enroll in the study and to collect samples. All personal information about the participants is kept confidential and not mentioned elsewhere in the manuscript.
