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Authors
Tan, Yuye
Zeng, Ziyi
Chen, Jiazhao
Guo, Mochuan
Song, Weidong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2905003)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (52274110)
The Growth Program for Young Teachers at Beijing University of Science and Technology (QNXM20220004)
The China Scholarship Cuncil fund (202206465005)
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Article History
Received: 26 September 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All triaxial compression tests, acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, and computed tomography (CT) scanning were conducted in accordance with the safety operating procedures of the Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines (Ministry of Education of China), University of Science and Technology Beijing. No potential risks to human health or the environment were involved in the experiments.
