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Heterogeneous collaboration patterns and radical innovation performance—a data-driven analysis from specialized, refined, differentiated, and innovative enterprises

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27252-x

Published Online: 2025-12-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Zhang, Liping

Zhang, Yuhang

Huang, Zihan

Li, Hailin
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Social Science Foundation Project of Fujian Province of China (FJ2023B088)

Huaqiao University’s Academic Project Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2024HQYJ15)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-10

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-11
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Article History

Received: 5 September 2025

Accepted: 3 November 2025

First Online: 10 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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