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Authors
Duoto, Bryan
Tong, Michael
Barkovich, Krister J.
Schuphan, Juliane
Mali, Prashant
Steinmetz, Nicole F.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIH (R01 CA224605)
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): Dr. Steinmetz is a co-founder and CEO of, and has equity in, PlantiosX Inc. Dr. Steinmetz is a co-founder of, and has equity in, Mosaic ImmunoEngineering, Inc. Dr. Steinmetz is a co-founder and manager of Pokometz Scientific LLC, under which she is a paid consultant to Ring Therapeutics, Inc. Dr. Mali is a scientific co-founder of Shape Therapeutics, Navega Therapeutics, Pi Bio, Boundless Biosciences, and Engine Biosciences. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. The other authors declare no potential COI.
