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Authors
He, Jun
Xie, Xun
Wang, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
General project of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration of Zhejiang Province (2016ZA134)
Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Project (No. 2026787060)
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from all participants in the three cohort studies. The CHARLS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University, the ELSA by the London Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee, and the HRS by the University of Michigan Health Sciences Institutional Review Board.
