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Article History

Received: 14 July 2025

Accepted: 4 November 2025

First Online: 11 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with institutional ethical standards. Prior to data collection, ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee for Social and Behavioral Sciences at Necmettin Erbakan University. The approval was granted during the committee’s 7th meeting on April 9, 2025, under decision number 2025/281. Participants were clearly informed about the voluntary nature of their involvement before completing the questionnaire. Informed consent was explicitly obtained from all respondents. They were assured that their responses would be used solely for academic research purposes, including the publication of results in scholarly journals.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. They were clearly informed at the time of questionnaire distribution that their participation was entirely voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without any consequences. Participants were also notified that the collected data would be used solely for academic purposes, specifically for disseminating the study’s findings through publication in scholarly journals. Furthermore, prior to data collection, ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee for Social and Behavioral Sciences at Necmettin Erbakan University during the committee’s 7th meeting held on April 9, 2025, under decision number 2025/281.