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Authors
Muniroh, Muflihatul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-6722
Prihharsanti, Christina Hari Nawangsih
Limijadi, Edward Kurnia Setiawan
Prajoko, Yan Wisnu
Ichzana, Yusril
Nabila, Ziyadatun
Setyawati, Putri
Sutrisno, Reza Tri
Teguh, Ermawan
Utomo, Ahmad Rusdan H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, Kedaireka Matching Fund (23/E1/PPK/KS.03.00/2023)
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro (3081/UN7.5.4.2/PP/2022)
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning this article’s research, authorship, and/or publication.
: The study was conducted according to the World Medical Association Ethics Code (Declaration of Helsinki). All research procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines. The Health Research Ethics Committee issued the ethical approval, Dr. Kariadi Central General Hospital Semarang, number 1489/EC/KEPK-RSDK/2023.
: Informed consent was obtained from all study subjects before conducting the study.
: Not applicable.
