Fan, Xinjian
Ye, Fei
Pang, Cuichao
Liu, Guangyao
Wang, Xinghai
Wang, Lirong
Wei, Jiafang
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (513798128)
the Gansu Province Water Conservancy Science Experimental Research and Technology Promotion Project (24GSLK019, 24GSLK024, 25GSLK053, and 25GSLK059)
the Lanzhou Science and Technology Plan Project (2024-3-84)
the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention "the Belt and Road" Water and Sustainable Development Science and Technology Foundation (2023nkms06)
the Lanzhou University of Technology 2025 Young Teachers’ Interdisciplinary Research Cultivation Project (062516)
Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.