Wang, Haijun
Zheng, Wenli
Huo, Limei
Zhang, Kaibing
Yang, Tengfei
Li, Peiluan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12071112, 12401116, 42404011)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12071112, 12401116, 42404011)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12071112, 12401116, 42404011)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12071112, 12401116, 42404011)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12071112, 12401116, 42404011)
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300420242, 242300420638)
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300420242, 242300420638)
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300420242, 242300420638)
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300420242, 242300420638)
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300420242, 242300420638)
Open Project of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education (KLCS20240402)
Open Project of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education (KLCS20240402)
Open Project of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education (KLCS20240402)
Open Project of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education (KLCS20240402)
Open Project of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education (KLCS20240402)
Open Project of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security, Ministry of Education (KLCS20240402)
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project (242102210102, 252102240125)
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project (242102210102, 252102240125)
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project (242102210102, 252102240125)
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project (242102210102, 252102240125)
Article History
Received: 19 March 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.