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Designing a cascaded exponential PID controller via starfish optimizer for DC motor and liquid level systems

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28145-9

Published Online: 2025-12-08

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Izci, Davut https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-0875
Jabari, Mostafa

Çelik, Emre https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-0035
Ekinci, Serdar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7673-2553
Bajaj, Mohit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-457X
Rubanenko, Olena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2660-182X
Prokop, Lukas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-5499
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-08

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-24
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Article History

Received: 25 August 2025

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.