Li, Xiaowen
Li, Peng
Zhang, Bingzhou
Wu, Weisheng
Li, Junxian
Gao, Wenchao
Yu, Jincheng
Fan, Mingyu
Wang, Yunzhou
Yu, Qiannan
Li, Jintao
Zhang, Xiaoyang
Liu, Qingyuan
Wu, Lili
Wang, Xinglong
Yan, Zhichun
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Taishan Industry Leadership Talent Project of Shandong Province in China (tscx202306093)
CARS (CARS-35)
Article History
Received: 11 July 2024
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all owners. Please check it in the attachment “Ethics approval and consent to participate”.
: The animal study protocol was approved by the Swine Research Institute of New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd. All methods were carried out in accordance with Nine Key Techniques for Prevention and Control of African Swine Fever and Resumption of Pig Production by National Pig Industry Technology System. All methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.