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Authors
Kamal, Mian Muhammad
Abideen, Syed Zain Ul
Ahmad, Sajed
Husein, Abdalrahman
Ullah, Kamran
Alfarraj, Osama
Alblehai, Fahad
Sheraz, Muhammad
Chuah, Teong Chee
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Saud University (ORF-2025-564)
King Saud University (ORF-2025-564)
Multimedia University (MMUI/250008)
Multimedia University (MMUI/250008)
Telekom Research and Development Sdn Bhd (RDTC/241149)
Telekom Research and Development Sdn Bhd (RDTC/241149)
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Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
