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Authors
Smalcerz, Albert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-1291
Łabaj, Jerzy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9009-735X
Ptak, Szymon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-6805
Findorak, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-2939
Matuła, Tomasz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4600-6793
Półka, Marzena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2280-8137
Wojtal, Tomasz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-6040
Blacha, Leszek https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-0455
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Silesian University of Technology (11/040/BK_25/0040)
Fire University (Research Fund of Fire Academy)
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
