Zhi, Xingshuai
Zhou, Ning
Wei, Haifei
Chen, Hongming
Cheng, Yao
Sun, Yi
Zhao, Langtao
Huang, Guanhua
Zhang, Weihua
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U2469213)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB4301201-03)
the Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System (No. 2023TPL-T05 and 2024RVL-T05)
Article History
Received: 10 August 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 27 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.