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Article History

Received: 19 March 2025

Accepted: 10 November 2025

First Online: 3 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

: All procedures of this study were approved by the Sichuan Cancer Hospital Ethics Committee (No. SCCHEC-02–2024-258) and conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. After a face-to-face explanation of the study’s aims, significance, and potential risks, written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Participation was voluntary, and nurses completed the anonymous online questionnaire at their discretion. Participants could withdraw at any time. Upon completion, a small gift was provided as a token of appreciation. To safeguard participants’ rights and data security, all IP addresses and identifiable information were removed before data entry, questionnaires were assigned the uniform codes. Furthermore, the final dataset is held only by the research team, and is used solely for research purposes.

: Not applicable.