Muhammad, Mahiran
Ul-Saufie, Ahmad Zia
Radi, Noor Fadhilah Ahmad
Noor, Norazian Mohamed
Gusnanto, Arief
Funding for this research was provided by:
GIP Research Grant, Research Management Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia (600-RMC/GIP 5/3 (032/2024))
Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.