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Article History

Received: 23 April 2025

Accepted: 11 November 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Jimma University, and an ethical approval letter was obtained (IHRPGD/349/2019). Each participant in the study was given information about the objective of the study; written informed consent was obtained from all participants; and the data were collected anonymously. A clear consent statement was provided for all participants, including the illiterate, about the purpose and procedure of the study, the importance of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any time. The privacy and confidentiality of the data collected from each participant were maintained and were not shared with third party. Informed consent for the illiterate participants was obtained from their legal representatives. Participants were communicated their baseline and post-intervention results. Participants with elevated lipid profiles, FBG, blood pressure, and CVD risk scores were informed, not included in the trial, and linked to their preferred health facility for further investigation, counseling, and treatment. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations