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Authors
Hasona, Ibtisam Faeq
Younis, Gamal
Awad, Amal
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mansoura University
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Article History
Received: 5 July 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The bacterial isolates used in this study were collected between August 2023 and February 2024, before the institutional requirement for research ethics approval was formally implemented. When the scope of the study was later expanded to include additional isolates (such as C. freundii ), a new ethical approval was obtained in 2025 from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, at Mansoura University in Egypt (Approval code: MU-ACUC (VM.PhD.25.02.53)). All subsequent analyses and experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines ( ).
