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Authors
Chiarini, Elisabetta
Della Sala, Angela
Buzzanca, Davide
Chiesa, Francesco
Capucchio, Maria Teresa
Hassan, Talal
Houf, Kurt
Ghigo, Alessandra
Alessandria, Valentina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fondazione CRT
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: Alessandra Ghigo is cofounder and shareholder of Kither Biotech Srl, a pharmaceutical company focused on the development of PI3K inhibitors for airway diseases, not in conflict with the content of this paper. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: Non-genetically modified Mus musculus C57BL/6J were used to assess the pathogenicity of two A. butzleri strains isolated from a chicken slaughterhouse 3 . Mice used in all experiments were 8 to 12 weeks of age. Mice were group-housed, provided free access to standard chow and water in a controlled facility providing a 12-hour light/dark cycle. All animal procedures were approved by the local Animal Ethics Committee and conducted in full compliance with institutional and national animal welfare regulations, following the ARRIVE guidelines ( ) and were approved by the animal ethical committee of the University of Torino and by the Italian Ministry of Health (Authorization n° 353/2022-PR).
