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Authors
Olajide, Abosede Temitope
Ismail, Intan Hakimah
Zakaria, Atiqah Farah
Abdullah, Noormalin
Mohammad, Nik Mohd Yunus
Tan, Andrew Kie Kion
Ramli, Rosdi
Othman, Filla Dalila
Amiruddin, Salman
Jacquet, Alain
Tham, Chau Ling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Geran Putra Berimpak, Universiti Putra Malaysia (GP-GPB/2022/9726000)
Geran Putra Berimpak, Universiti Putra Malaysia (GP-GPB/2022/9726000)
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects, Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2022-1051) for HSAAS, the Medical Research & Ethics Committee (MREC) (NMRR ID-23-00134-UQB (IIR)) for HKL and HRPZ II, and the Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Human Research Ethics Committee (UHREC) (UniSZA.800-1/1/4 Jld.2 (15)) for UniSZA.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
