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Authors
Li, Yan
Ye, Xi
Chen, Xiaoyu
Liang, Xueyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Drug Safety Research Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guiyaojiankezhishu[2023]017)
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Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of London Multi-Centre Research. The Health and Retirement Study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the University of Michigan. Informed consent was obtained from each subject in these three cohorts.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
