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Authors
Kibria, Md. Golam
Islam, Taslima
Alif, Sheikh M.
Islam, Mohammad Shamimul
Hawlader, Mohammad Delwer Hossain
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute for Global Tobacco Control (IGTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2024
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
: Ethics approval was obtained from the National Research Ethics Committee under the Bangladesh Medical Research Council (Ethical clearance number: 25003092019). The present study was carried out with strict adherence to the ethical standards and regulations of the ethics committee.
