Sallam, Ghada R.
Hamdy, Mohamed
El Basuini, Mohammed F.
El-Zaeem, Samy Y.
Habib, Yusuf Jibril
Fayed, Walied M.
Tefal, Eslam
Shehata, Akram Ismael
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)
Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)
Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)
Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)
Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)
Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)
Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF)
Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental procedures were reviewed and approved by the Animal Use Ethics Committee of Alexandria University (protocol number AU:19/24/06/11/1/34). The study was conducted following the ARRIVE guidelines v2.0, ensuring compliance with internationally accepted ethical standards for the care and use of animals in research. Fish were handled carefully to minimize stress during all experimental procedures, and no unnecessary harm was inflicted.