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Article History

Received: 7 August 2025

Accepted: 13 November 2025

First Online: 22 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was approved by the Departmental Ethical Committee of Asfandyar Bukhari District Hospital, Attock. All eligible participants were provided with a detailed informed consent form outlining the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and the voluntary nature of participation. Consent was considered obtained when participants, after reading the consent information, chose to proceed with completing the survey either online or in paper form. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures followed the 2013 revision of the Declaration. Privacy and anonymity were maintained, though reliance on self-report questionnaires introduces potential disclosure bias.

: All participants were informed about the study objectives and consented to the publication of anonymized data. No identifying personal information is included in this manuscript.