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Authors
Adel, Fatemeh Sharifi
Mirseyed, Pardis Sadat
Arjmand, Sareh
Rahmandoust, Moones
Tamai, Iraj Ashrafi
Sadeghi, Manoochehr
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve patients, volunteers, or identifiable human data. The ESR assay was conducted solely using a blood sample voluntarily provided and self-collected by one of the co-authors as part of a minimal-risk, in vitro experiment. Informed consent was obtained from the researcher (self) prior to sample collection and documented for inclusion in the article’s records.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used ChatGPT and Perplexity AIs in order to improve the language and readability of the manuscript. After using these tools, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
