Tsuji, Yudai
Ohyama, Yukako
Saitoh, Sei
Enomoto, Tetsuro
Hirayama, Masaya
Yamaguchi, Hisateru
Nishioka, Tomoki
Mizuno, Tomohiro
Tsuboi, Naotake
Novak, Jan
Takahashi, Kazuo
Funding for this research was provided by:
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22K16253)
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20K22915)
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20K08623)
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22K08366)
Aichi Kidney Foundation
UAB research-acceleration funds
IgA nephropathy foundation
Hori Sciences and Arts Foundation
Yukiko Ishibashi Foundation
Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: KT received research funding from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. JN is a co-founder and co-owner of and consultant for Reliant Glycosciences, LLC. JN is a co-inventor on US patent application 14/318,082 (assigned to The UAB Research Foundation [UABRF] and licensed by UABRF to Reliant Glycosciences, LLC). Since 2024, JN received honoraria from Calliditas, Travere, Novartis, and Vera Therapeutics. All other authors declared no competing interests.
: All experimental protocols were approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Fujita Health University (approved number HM22-140) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects, and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Patients who were diagnosed by kidney biopsy at the Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine (FHU) (Toyoake, Japan) between January 2017 and December 2022 were included.