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Authors
Holtkamp, Mathias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-2207
Straus, Jannis
Salhöfer, Luca
Styczen, Hanna
Santoso, Maharani Budi
Zensen, Sebastian
Deuschl, Cornelius
Hosch, René
Forsting, Michael
Li, Yan
Umutlu, Lale
Nensa, Felix
Haubold, Johannes
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Essen
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen (Approval code: 20-9521-BO). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, due to the retrospective nature of the study. All data were fully anonymized prior to analysis.
