Chen, Cui
Wang, Hongjuan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing digital education research topic (BDEC2023619056)
the 2023 Project of BIGC, BIGC Project (21090525009)
the Publishing science emerging interdisciplinary platform construction project of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication (04190123001/003)
Open Foundation of State key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology (SKLNST-2023-1-12)
Beijing Municipal Education Commission & Beijing Natural Science Foundation Co-financing Project (KZ202210015019)
Project of Construction and Support for high-level Innovative Teams of Beijing Municipal Institutions (BPHR20220107)
Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.