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Authors
Sharkawy, Mennatollah Nagy
Shaalan, Omar
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
New Giza University
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Article History
Received: 13 July 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The research protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of School of Dentistry, Newgiza University. The study included adult patients (18 years or older) with adequate cognitive ability who agreed to participate in the study and signed an informed consent.
