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Authors
Alabi, Rasheed Omobolaji
Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando
Elmusrati, Mohammed
Almangush, Alhadi
Tiblom Ehrsson, Ylva
Laurell, Göran
Mäkitie, Antti A.
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Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Ethics Committee of the Jena University Hospital approved the study (IRB No. 3204-07/11) with a waived requirement for informed consent since the study had a non-interventional retrospective design and all data were analyzed anonymously. For Uppsala data, informed consent and ethical approval was obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board of Uppsala (No. 2014/447) and the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (No. 2025-01114-02). The SEER data is a public data with informed consent obtained for all the patients as stated by the National Health Institute (NIH). The ethical permission to use SEER data was granted to the first author.
