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Authors
Abdulla, Samya Ahmad Al
Mohammed, Azza Mustafa
Mansaray, Mariama Aminata
Al-Kuwari, Mohamed Ghaith
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved under the “Exempt” category by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) with reference number BUHOOTH-D-24-00078. We only used secondary anonymous data extracted from the national data repository. We did not collect any primary data or had any contacts with subjects. Informed consent to participate was waived by the PHCC’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) and was deemed unnecessary under the HHS regulation 46.117, that “the research presented no more than minimal risk of harm to subjects and involves no procedures for which written consent is normally required outside of the research context”.
