Schiavello, Martina
Vizio, Barbara
Sanavia, Tiziana
Bosco, Ornella
Dini, Chiara
Vallino, Paolo Cagna
Pivetta, Emanuele
Morello, Fulvio
Fariselli, Piero
Montrucchio, Giuseppe
Lupia, Enrico
Funding for this research was provided by:
MURST
Project of National Relevence (2022BPNY3E)
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The present study was conducted in compliance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided oral informed consent (as specifically authorized by the Ethical Committee during the COVID-19 pandemic due to infection risk management in ER) for the participation to the study, and all data were immediately de-identified. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee (A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino – A.O. Ordine Mauriziano – A.S.L. Città di Torino) (number of approval CS2/139).
: The authors declare no competing interests.