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Authors
Kim, Jemin
Lee, Yun Na
Boo, Jihee
Oh, Inrok
Lee, Changyoon
Lee, Joo Hee
Choi, Ye Seul
Kim, Hyun
Na, Jung Im
Kim, Jihee
Park, Chang Ook
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Yonsei University College of Medicine (6-2023-0098)
Yonsei University College of Medicine (6-2024-0056)
Korean Dermatological Association and Amore Pacific Skin Science 2023
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-16070039)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00234581)
Ministry of Health and Welfare (HI14C1324)
National Institutes of Health, South Korea (RS-2023-00265913)
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: Dr. Oh is currently employed by LG Chem Ltd. However, the company did not have any role in the study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of this manuscript. All other authors declare no financial or non-financial competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University Severance Hospital and Yongin Severance Hospital (approval numbers 4-2023-1008 and 2023-0382-001, respectively), with a waiver of informed consent for the retrospective analysis of clinical data. For patients whose clinical images are presented in this manuscript, separate written informed consent was obtained for publication of their case details.
