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Comparative effects of fentanyl, morphine, and hydromorphone on postoperative delirium and outcomes after cardiac surgery: a propensity score-matched cohort study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29805-6

Published Online: 2025-11-27

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Xiao, Lifang

Su, Chunxia

Bian, Jiajia

Zhang, Lijuan

Gao, Yibin

Huang, Qiao-Wen

Lin, Huan
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2022J011472)

Doctoral Workstation Project of Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital (PDB202316)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-27

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-30
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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 19 November 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors have reviewed the manuscript and have given their consent for its publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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