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Authors
Bazoge, Adrien
Constant dit Beaufils, Pacôme
Hmitouch, Mohammed
Bourcier, Romain
Morin, Emmanuel
Dufour, Richard
Daille, Béatrice
Gourraud, Pierre-Antoine
Karakachoff, Matilde
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-THIA-0011)
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-IDEX-0007)
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-23-IAS1-0005)
French Ministry of Health (DAtAE2023-15744432)
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: P.A. Gourraud is the founder of Methodomics (2008, www.methodomics.com) and of its spin-off Big Data Santé (2018, commercial name: “Octopize”). He acts as a consultant and/or contributor for several pharmaceutical and medical device companies. All related activities are conducted under institutional (university or hospital) contracts with the following entities: AstraZeneca, Amgen, Biogen, Boston Scientific, Cemka, Cook, Docaposte/Heva, Edimark, Ellipses, Elsevier, Grunenthal, Janssen, IAGE, Lek, Methodomics, Merck, Mérieux, Novartis, Octopize, Sanofi-Genzyme, Lifen, TuneInsight, and Aspire UAE. He serves as an unpaid board member of AXA mutual insurance (since 2021). He does not prescribe medications or medical devices and receives no personal remuneration. All other authors declare no competing interests.
