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Authors
Jo, Yeona
Park, Seoyoung
Kim, Soeun
Son, Yejun
Park, Jaeyu
Cho, Hanseul
Jacob, Louis
Pizzol, Damiano
López Sánchez, Guillermo F.
Smith, Lee
Woo, Selin
Yon, Dong Keon
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438239)
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The KCHS database used in this study was fully anonymized, and all participants provided written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the KDCA (2010-02CON-22-P, 2011-05CON-04-C, 2012-07CON-01–2C, 2013-06EXP-01-3C, 2014-08EXP-09-4C-A, and 2016-10-01-P-A). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
