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Authors
Tang, Jing
Wei, Siqi
Li, Yuanming
Zhou, Yi
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study utilizes early research public data approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). The research is a secondary analysis of publicly available CHARLS data. Since all participants signed a written informed consent form prior to joining the CHARLS study, the secondary analysis of the publicly anonymized dataset does not require institutional ethical review in accordance with the regulations of the Guangyuan Central Hospital Ethics Committee.
