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Authors
Lin, Erh-Tsan
Tsai, Tsung-Hsien
Lin, Wei-Hsiang
Chen, Nan-Ni
Chang, Po-Chun
Sun, Chi-Chin
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The research followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board (IRB no.: 202401177B0) of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.
: This is an IRB-approved retrospective study; all patient information was de-identified, and the IRB of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital waived the requirement for informed consent. Patient consent was therefore not required, and patient data will not be shared with third parties.
