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Authors
Eckmann, Henrik R.
Razieh, Cameron
Danilevicz, Ian Meneghel
Vidil, Sam
Chastin, Sebastien
Sherar, Lauren B.
Hansen, Bjørge H.
Dempsey, Paddy C.
Sabia, Séverine
Rowlands, Alex V.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Research and Innovation (EP/X042464/1)
HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (101072993)
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: In the Whitehall II study, written, informed consent from participants was obtained at each contact. Research ethics approvals were renewed at each wave; the most recent approval was granted by the National Health Service (NHS) London-Harrow Research Ethics Committee (reference number 85/0938). UK Biobank has full ethical approval from the NHS National Research Ethics Service (16/NW/0274) and all participants gave written informed consent prior to data collection.
