Sun, Danting
Liu, Haixia
Gao, Jiaze
Su, Yapei
Xu, Yuance
Lv, Teng
Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The NHANES protocol was approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board (Protocol #98 − 12; Protocol #2005-06). As this is a secondary analysis of de-identified public data, no further ethical approval was required.